The first assessment of the farm level impacts of using GM maize in Vietnam, published in the journal GM Crops and Food, has found that since 2015, crop biotechnology has helped Vietnamese farmers grow more food/feed and substantially improve their income levels, whilst using fewer resources. It has also reduced the environmental footprint associated with the production of maize (on average, amounts of herbicides were 26 % lower than on conventional maize, and 78 % less in the amount of insecticide used. The farm level survey documents yield increases between about 15 and 30 %, higher income levels between $196 and $330 p/ha.